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Food machinery material safety standards are being raised, and certification requirements for food-grade stainless steel and coatings are becoming stricter.
Against the backdrop of continuously rising global awareness of food safety, the safety of food machinery materials has become a critical component in ensuring food quality.
Against the backdrop of continuously rising global awareness of food safety, the safety of food machinery materials has become a critical component in ensuring food quality. Throughout the entire food supply chain—from farm to table—the compliance of food contact materials (FCMs) is directly linked to consumer health. In recent years, both domestically and internationally, certification standards for food-grade stainless steel and coated materials have been steadily upgraded, driving the industry toward higher safety standards.
Food-grade stainless steel, with its corrosion resistance and ease of cleaning, is widely used in tableware, food-processing equipment, and piping systems. Its safety must be verified through a dual assessment: first, compliance of the base material’s composition; second, control of metal migration levels.
The Chinese National Standard for Food Safety—Metal Materials and Products in Contact with Food (GB 4806.9-2023) explicitly requires that the chromium content in stainless steel substrates must be no less than 12%, and alloying elements such as nickel and molybdenum must meet the standards specified for their respective grades. For example, 304 stainless steel must contain 18–20% chromium and 8–10% nickel, while 316 stainless steel, which contains an additional 2–3% molybdenum, is better suited for environments with high salt and high acid concentrations. Component analysis is performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) to ensure that the substrates are non-toxic and harmless.
Migration testing is another critical step. According to the standards, under simulated conditions such as 40℃ water, 70℃ 3% acetic acid, and 100℃ 10% ethanol, the nickel migration amount must not exceed 0.02 mg/dm², and the chromium migration amount must not exceed 0.1 mg/dm². Take, for example, an electric kettle of a certain brand exported to the European Union: it was recalled because its nickel migration exceeded the allowable limit (0.25 mg/kg). As a result, the company was forced to redesign the coating material and strengthen the passivation process. Such cases highlight the decisive role that migration testing plays in ensuring product compliance.
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